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A sacrament is a Christian rite recognized as of particular importance and significance. There are various views on the existence and meaning of such rites. The ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'' defines the sacraments as "efficacious signs of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is 'dispensed' to us. The visible rites by which the sacraments are celebrated signify and make present the graces proper to each sacrament. They bear fruit in those who receive them with the required dispositions."〔(Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1131 )〕 The catechism included in the Anglican ''Book of Common Prayer'' defines a sacrament as "an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace given unto us, ordained by Christ himself, as a means whereby we receive the same, and a pledge to assure us thereof". The Catholic Church〔(Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1113 )〕 teaches there are seven sacraments. The Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodox Church〔(Sacramental Rites in the Coptic Orthodox Church )〕〔(The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Faith and Order )〕 also believe that there are seven major sacraments, but applies the corresponding Greek word, μυστήριον (''mysterion'') also to rites that in the Western tradition are called sacramentals and to other realities, such as the Church itself.〔(Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, ''The Sacraments'' )〕〔(Holy Trinity Orthodox Church, ''Orthodox Worship II: The Sacraments )〕 Similarly, the Catholic Church understands the word "sacrament" as referring not only to the seven sacraments considered here, but also to Christ and the Church.〔(Catechism of the Catholic Church, 774-780 )〕 Most Protestant denominations identify two sacraments instituted by Christ; the Eucharist (Holy Communion) and Baptism. However some traditions avoid the word "sacrament". Reaction against the 19th-century Oxford Movement led Baptists to prefer instead the word "ordinance",〔(Jeffrey Gros, Thomas F. Best, Lorelei F. Fuchs (editors), ''Growth in Agreement III: International Dialogue Texts and Agreed Statements, 1998-2005'' (Eerdmans 2008 ISBN 978-0-8028-6229-7), p. 352 )〕 practices ordained by Christ to be permanently observed by the church. Anglican teaching is that "there are two Sacraments ordained of Christ our Lord in the Gospel, that is to say, Baptism and the Supper of the Lord", and that "those five commonly called Sacraments, that is to say, Confirmation, Penance, Orders, Matrimony, and Extreme Unction, are not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel".〔Thirty-Nine Articles, Article XXV〕 ==Etymology== The English word "" is derived indirectly from the Ecclesiastical Latin ''sacrāmentum'', from Latin ''sacrō'' ("hallow, consecrate"), from ''sacer'' ("sacred, holy"). In Ancient Rome, the term meant a soldier's oath of allegiance, and also a sacred rite. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sacrament」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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